The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics and Altitudes in Transitional Permafrost Zone in Xidatan,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Many studies showed that permafrost has profound influence on alpine ecosystem. However, former researches were mainly focused on typical points by temporal scales. There were few studies about the correlation between vegetation characteristics and different altitudes covering a large region in spatial pattern, especially in transitional permafrost(TP). There were continuous permafrost(CP) discontinuous permafrost(DCP) and seasonal frozen ground(SFG) in this study region. The types of permafrost changed from SFG to DCP, and finally become CP as the altitudes of Xidatan increase. In this paper, 112 845 points interpreted by HJ1-B(environment and disaster monitoring and prediction small satellite constellation), vegetation investigation points, thawing layer thickness research sites, ground temperature and water content observation plots were used to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation which were located in different altitudes in Xidatan, a typical TP region, in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content(SMC) and thaw depths were collected in 15 August to 25 August2012. Characteristics of vegetation were mainly represented by fractional vegetation cover(FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), as well as above ground biomass(AGB). In this paper, we analyzed that the distinction of vegetation characteristics in each range through statistics data. These ranges were divided by varied altitudes. For examples, the ranges were divided into 50 m or 100 m. In this study we use a large area plots method to further discuss the relationship between the features of vegetation and the different regions of permafrost based on altitudes shifts in Xidatan. A diagram described the vegetation characteristics variability with rising altitudes in transitional permafrost region was drawn in this paper. Our results illustrated the FVCs first increased in SFG region and then decreased in DCP zone slowly, and in CP region FVCs soared then dropped dramatically. With the altitudes increased, the curve of FVCs indicated a parabolic distribution except a little difference in the first 200 m range.     

危害沙棘的围连环夜蛾生物学特性及防治

围连环夜蛾在我国多有分布，但看见其幼虫的还是很少，因资料中寄主不祥，笔者经室内外观察。发现其危害多种植物的叶片，更喜欢危害沙棘树的叶片，笔者经2a的室内外观察得知。其生物学特性在辽宁西部每年1代，以蛹越夏及冬。对沙棘树危害较重，对栽植的大果沙棘危害尤为严重，在5a生的沙棘树上有100多头幼虫危害，成虫善飞翔。     

密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪育苗影响研究

为了明确育苗时密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪生长特征影响,本试验以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,通过单因素田间随机区组试验,测定蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗和根长4个指标。结果表明,密度对蒙古黄芪影响最大,其次是湿度,最后是光照和电导率。密度与蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗呈现负相关性,与根长呈正相关性(P<0.05),密度为400株/m ²时,株高、茎粗及根粗最大,密度为1000株/m ²时根长最大。     

温室内赤苞花和黄虾花叶片解剖结构及光合特性研究

为研究温室内两种爵床科植物叶片解剖结构及光合特性,本试验选取青岛世界园艺博览会植物馆内的两种爵床科植物,赤苞花(Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau)、黄虾花(Pachystachys lutea Nees)为研究对象,用石蜡包埋法对两种植物的叶片进行解剖分析,使用CIRAS-3便携式光合仪测定其光合特性。结果表明,爵床科的两种植物在相同的环境中,叶片的内部结构相似,上表皮均厚于下表皮,海绵组织均厚于栅栏组织。光合指标存在差异,赤苞花的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间CO₂浓度均大于黄虾花,但黄虾花的水分利用率、净光合速率大于赤苞花。     

湖北省宜都野生楠木资源调查

【目的】了解湖北省宜都市的野生楠木资源分布状况、种群结构及其群落特征。【方法】采用样方法分别在宜都市的王家畈镇、聂家河镇和潘家湾乡对楠木资源分布集中地段进行野外实地调查,并记录其生境条件和群落特征。【结果】调查区内发现野生楠木类植物计264株,楠属植物3种,分别为竹叶楠Phoebe faberi、桢楠P.zhennan、湘楠P.hunanensis;润楠属植物4种,分别为润楠Machilus pingii、宜昌润楠M.ichangensis、华润楠M.chinensis、刨花润楠M.pauhoi,其中华润楠、刨花润楠初步确定为宜都市新分布记录种。楠木较多分布在山地比较潮湿的阴坡,坡度为30°~40°,坡位为中坡位和下坡位,海拔在710 m左右,群落类型为常绿或落叶阔叶林的生境条件下,其楠木类植物群落的维管束植物共有71种,隶属41科60属,以樟科和蔷薇科植物比较多,被子植物中双子叶植物占有绝对的优势,高位芽植物在群落中的比重最大。【结论】该调查区内的润楠属植物种群年龄结构相比楠属更合理,大致呈稳定型,而楠属植物种群年龄结构大致呈衰退型。探讨了样地野生楠木数量及群落结构特征,为其天然林保护及种质资源保存提供理论依据,同时对城市景观树种的配置有着重要意义。     

酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。     

内蒙古乌拉盖草原湿地中下游植被退化演替趋势分析

针对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌旗乌拉盖草原湿地植被退化问题,采用植被生态调查方法进行生态损伤评估和植被演替趋势分析.调查结果表明:在乌拉盖河截流5年内,乌拉盖湿地中下游植被退化迅速,原生植被的建群种和优势种基本消失,群落高度和盖度迅速降低,原生植被群落重要值显著降低,次生植被群落重要值增加;植物种的数量大量减少,植物多样性严重降低;一年生草本植物数量和比例明显高于多年生草本植物,部分荒漠化严重地区还出现超旱生植物小果白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.);乌拉盖草原湿地已经从草原湿地植被演替为碱蓬盐化草甸植被和盐漠化裸地.     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

不同春小麦品种耐低磷性评价及种质筛选

筛选磷高效作物是充分利用土壤磷素和减少磷肥施用量的重要手段。本研究以162份春小麦种质资源为材料,对其苗期的株高、总根长、根表面积等8个指标的耐低磷系数进行分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价春小麦苗期的耐低磷特性,初步筛选耐低磷材料,并进一步进行成株期的耐低磷特性鉴定,筛选出耐低磷材料和磷敏感材料,分析其在低磷下酸性磷酸酶的活性变化。结果表明,低磷胁迫下春小麦材料苗期和成株期的各性状均受到不同程度的影响,并随着胁迫程度的增加,小麦生长受抑制程度增强。通过主成分分析将苗期8个指标转化成4个综合指标(累计贡献率为82.60%),将成株期的10个指标转化为3个综合指标(累计贡献率为83.23%);采用隶属函数法计算耐低磷综合评价值(D)值,对D值进行聚类分析,将苗期的162份春小麦种质资源划分为耐低磷型(10份)、较耐低磷型(26份)、低磷较敏感型(91份)、低磷敏感型(35份)4类。选取耐低磷型材料(5份)和低磷敏感型材料(4份),进一步进行成株期鉴定,最终筛选1份耐低磷材料wp-35和1份磷敏感材料wp-119。通过分析其酸性磷酸酶活性,发现在低磷胁迫下春小麦根系和叶片中的酸性磷酸酶活性均升高,且耐低磷材料的酸性磷酸酶活性高于磷敏感材料。本研究结果可为解析春小麦耐低磷特性、培育耐低磷品种提供种质资源和理论依据。     

无瓣海桑种子特征及不同贮藏环境下萌发特性的研究

种子的萌发除了与自身的生理结构、萌发时外界条件有关外,不同的贮藏条件和时间处理对种子萌发也有影响.本实验以无瓣海桑种子为研究对象,通过无瓣海桑种子的基本特征及不同贮藏环境(常温、常温干燥、-4℃、-70℃分别对应Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)和时间(15,30,45,60,90 d)下其种子萌发特性的分析发现:径级对无瓣海桑的果重和种子的粒数均有显著影响;低温处理可显著缩短种子的萌发时间,同时有助于保持无瓣海桑的种子活性;无瓣海桑种子的活力会随着贮藏时间的增加而下降,因此不适宜长期贮藏,但短期贮藏时低温干燥贮藏可较好地保持其种子活力.